THE EMBREA PEOPLE

                                    An Interesting Culture

            The name Embera means people. Collectively they are known as the Chocó and belong to two major groups: the Embera, of upper Atrato and San Jaun Rivers, and the Wuanana of the lower San Juan River.. The Darien Jungle is the second largest rainforest area in the world (after the Amazon) and 20,000 Embera live in small groups in the Darien. The jungle serves as a buffer zone between Panama and Columbia. There are no roads in the wild desolate area.  There is a 54-mile stretch called the Darien Gap of the Pan-American Highway that is impassable. Cars have to be shipped.

            Some Embera live in the Canal Zone and can do so as long as they do not hunt or cut down trees. Originally the tribe was hunter-gatherers, but today they live on jungle fruits, heart of palm, and tubular plants such as yucca and fishing.

            The Chocó, or Embera people live in small villages of 5 to 20 houses along the banks of the rivers throughout river watersheds in the Darien Province of Panama. There are generally three villages, about a half day's walk apart, on each tributary that branches off from the main river system. The villages are built on a small rise, set approximately 100 feet in from the river. To avoid wild animals such as peccary and jaguar from inhabiting the homes, houses are built on posts 6-8-feet above ground and are 20– 50 feet apart. The raised floor also gives protection from flooding and allows for cooling of the hut. There are no walls on the palm fond thatched roof huts. The joinery is done with bejuco vines.

            Baskets, pots, bows and arrows, mosquito nets, clothing and other items hang from the beams. They sleep on the floor. The floor is made of split black palm trunks or cana blanca (white cane), and has a kitchen built on a three foot square clay platform that forms a fire base for cooking. A sloped log with deep notches for a ladder provides access to the hut. The notches are faced down at night.

           The jungle is partly cleared around each village and replaced by banana and plantain plantations, a commercial crop for them that provides  cash for their outboard motors, mosquito nets etc. The hills leading down to the river are usually hard packed reddish clay.  Dugout canoes are pulled up on the riverbanks

The land is community owned and community farmed. Everyone in the village pitches in to work at harvest time. The tribe farms and both men and women work in the fields. Women carry corn and grain, but the men carry the firewood.

If one hunter gets a larger animal, such as a peccary, or a tapir everybody shares the meat. These Indians live separately in the jungle. These people are very individualistic and totally apolitical. You deal with them one on one. The Embrea use a flute and a drum to keep beat for their simple dances.

            Small in stature, their skin is a pretty bronze. Health care primarily is provided by trained Shamans. The men wear nothing but a minimal loin cloth. The women wear bright sarongs wrapped at the waist as a skirt. Women generally do not cover their torsos, but wear multi strands of seed beads and wear long straight black hair. The children go naked until puberty, and no one wears shoes.

            They paint their bodies with a dye made from the fruit of the black palm tree. The black dye is thought to repel insects. On special occasions, using this same dye, they print intricate geometric patterns all over their bodies, using wood blocks carved from balsa wood. The paint fades in a few days and is known as the two-week tattoo. The women also wear silver necklaces and earrings on special occasions; many of the necklaces are made from old silver coins. A hole is punched  in the coin and a silver chain run through it. Many of the coins on these necklaces date to the 19th century and are passed down from mother to daughter.

Women weave baskets from leaf strands of the black palm. The tightly woven watertight baskets are called canastas.

The men do some rather good wood carvings from rosewood, known locally as cocobolo. They also carve small figures and animals from the vegetable ivory nut known as tagua. Until 1936 many buttons were made from this nut. The nut is about the size of a small plum, hard, and rather difficult to carve. When polished they certainly look like ivory.

Embera  dances reflect their spiritual connection to nature.

            The Embrea people use matrilineal descent, practice polygamy and live in family units. They have their own form of government and live by their own unwritten rules avoiding the Panamanian Police or any other branch of the Panamanian or Colombian government. Not assimilated into Panamanian or Colombian society, the Embera people do not hold any civic positions and have no members who have become part of the Guardia Nacional in Panama. They do not intermarry with Panamanians and Colombians.