Sunday, September 6, 2015

DENMARK



Danish Layout
      Denmark, about twice the size of Massachusetts, is an island nation with its highest elevation only 565 feet. With 500 islands the ocean is never more than an hour away. Generally, Danes are well educated and well informed, yet at the same time enjoy a distinctly Danish lack of formality. This gives the Danes a relaxed and often humorous attitude toward authorities and life itself. The people are open, friendly and talkative.  The art of living is enjoyed and there is little sense of any hectic lifestyle. The people enjoy comprehensive social services, sexual freedom and high taxes to support the lifestyle. The land of Vikings fiercely remained neutral during WW II, but never the less was occupied by Germany.
       Denmark’s state-managed palaces, castles and gardens, representing different eras, are an important part of the country’s cultural heritage. There was a lot of talk about King Christian IV, the builder king, who once was king of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. He ruled 1588-1648 and is also referred to as the Renaissance King. Many grand buildings were erected during his reign, and  the city prospered. He had 23 children with an assortment of women.
      Ninety percent of the population is Lutheran, although very few, about 5 %, attend church. In 1536 the country declared Lutheranism as the proper religion. Believe or be beheaded! In 1848 the country attained freedom of religion. Presently there are 250,000 Muslims living in Denmark.
      Denmark is a heavily industrialized nation, but there still are a quarter million farmers. The queen is the first female monarch in six centuries, and she is much loved by the Danes. Both the Faeroe Islands and Greenland are territories of Denmark.
     Denmark’s national animal is the swan and the national flower is the daisy.       
     Copenhagen, founded in 1167, means Port of Merchants. The once tiny fishing village started at Christainborg and has been the capital of Denmark since the 15th century. Copenhagen is the largest city in the country.  The world’s oldest capital flies the oldest flag and is the oldest monarchy. The low rise city sits on a flat landscape with few steeples or towers breaking the skyline, although it is a city of cathedrals, canals, historic waterfront, parks, waterways, lively pedestrian streets, and the crown jewels.
      The SAS building, built in 1960, is the only skyscraper and after it was constructed the city fathers decided one tall building was enough. Located on the island of New Zealand across the Strait of Southern Sweden, the capital city is one of the most youthful and exuberant in Europe.
      In the 12th century Copenhagen was a fortified city known as Kobenhaven. In 1850 all 120,000 residents lived within the walls. When building outside the walls it was understood that in the event of attack, one would have to burn his dwelling to allow for a good defense line.  In the 17th century King Christian IV extended the fortification north, doubling the size of the city and adding a grid plan of streets and his Rosenborg Castle. This old ‘new town’ is where Amalienborg Palace and the Little Mermaid statue are located.
      A cholera   outbreak in 1850 killed 5000 people. The old medieval walls now are roads that define the city. The old moat is a string of lakes and parks.  Denmark is the gateway to Scandinavia and a new bridge connects Denmark and Sweden. The ancient city wall had four gates. It came down in 1856 when the plague killed 17,000 people. A hospital was built beyond the wall.
     The Stroget, running through the heart of the city, is a mile-long pedestrian thoroughfare. the
French Embassy and the five star Hotel D’Angle Terre. The western end of the Stroget ends at Town Hall Square.
     Nyhavn, New Harbor, was excavated in 1671 by prisoners to allow traders to bring their wares into the heart of the city. At one time the area was overrun with sailors, prostitutes and rowdy individuals. Today the revitalized canal district, once home to Hans Christian Anderson when he first arrived in “Wonderful Copenhagen”, is lined with casual cafés.

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